解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
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神经系统科学
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产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
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周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
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热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
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健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was examined in siblings of an unselected population (n = 194) of newly diagnosed diabetic individuals less than 30 yr old. From 1 July 1984 to 30 June 1987, diabetic subjects (proband) identified within a geographically defined area of southern Wisconsin were stu...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.7.831
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because the pathogenetic understanding of diabetic vascular complications remains fragmentary, and even the best available interventions may prove insufficient to arrest the progression of certain lesions, new avenuses of investigation should be pursued. One of these should be the early in vivo investigation of the ce...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.40.6.653
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transracial analysis provides a method of distinguishing primary associations between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and HLA class II alleles from those secondary to linkage disequilibrium. Blacks show DR-DQ relationships that are different from other races and are a useful group in which to investigate HL...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.6.748
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The onset of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes is predictable before hyperglycemia by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) and competitive insulin autoantibodies (CIAAs). CIAA+ICA+ first-degree relatives of individuals with type I diabetes have increased numbers of CD4 cells bearing the CD45R antigen and...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.5.590
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In early 1988, a colony of GK rats was started in Paris with progenitors issued from F35 of the original colony reported by Goto and Kakisaki. When studied longitudinally up to 8 mo, GK rats showed as early as 1 mo (weaning) significantly higher basal plasma glucose (9 mM) and insulin levels (doubled), altered glucose...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.4.486
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a newly identified 37-amino acid COOH-terminal-amidated polypeptide that is the major protein constituent of amyloid deposits in insulinomas and amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic humans and adult diabetic cats. IAPP is stored...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.40.3.310
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extensive investigations of the solubility and fluorescence of collagen fibers in diabetes have revealed that there are significant changes in their physical properties. These changes are associated with increased cross-link formation. We used X-ray diffraction to study these changes in human extensor tendons at a mol...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.3.391
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insulin receptor, an integral membrane glycoprotein, is synthesized as a single-chain precursor that is cleaved to produce two mature subunits, both of which contain N-linked oligosaccharide chains and covalently linked fatty acids. We report that the beta-subunit also contains O-linked oligosaccharides. The prore...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.197
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with defects in insulin action, the molecular basis of this resistance is unknown. We studied fibroblasts from a markedly insulin-resistant patient with NIDDM but without acanthosis nigricans. Her fibroblasts were resistant to insulin when alpha-am...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.295
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the early events in insulin signal transmission in liver, isolated rat hepatocytes were labeled with 32P, and proteins phosphorylated in response to insulin were detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-receptor antibodies and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacryla...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.1.66
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perifused islets from rats infused for 7 days with 40% glucose exhibited an altered secretory response to selected stimuli. Both phases of insulin release were blunted when 20 mM L-leucine was tested; the secretory response to a subsequent leucine stimulation was also blunted compared with the control group. The abili...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.40.1.15
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enhanced platelet functions have been demonstrated in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study evaluated abnormalities in platelet signal transduction in diabetic patients, including turnover of phosphoinositides, mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, and phosphorylation of 20,000- and 4...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.12.1561
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP) measurements were obtained at 20-min intervals for 24 h in 25 subjects with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus and 21 control subjects. The diabetic patients had normal kidney function (glomerular filtration rate 112.1 +/- 7.2 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2, renal plasma flow 459.0 +/- 23...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.12.1556
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between plasma C-peptide and the frequency and severity of diabetic retinopathy was examined in a population-based study in Wisconsin in 1984-1986. Individuals with younger- (n = 835) and older- (n = 940) onset diabetes were included. C-peptide was measured by radioimmunoassay with Heding's M1230 anti...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.11.1445
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The absorption mechanism of insulin administered in the peritoneal cavity (IP) is of current interest because of the near availability of implantable insulin-infusion devices for the treatment of diabetes. To determine the fraction of insulin absorbed by the portal circulation after IP administration, a novel nonisoto...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.11.1361
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the biochemical mechanisms by which hyperglycemia produces insulin secretory abnormalities, we studied isolated islets from control rats and rats infused for 48 h with a 50% glucose solution. To preserve the effects of in vivo hyperglycemia during in vitro handling for islet isolation, our standard isolatio...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.11.1436
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed our speculation that 2-cyclohexen-1-one (CHX) impairs glucose-induced insulin secretion through inactivation of glucokinase. Treatment of pancreatic islets with CHX at concentrations (0-5 mM) that caused a dose-dependent inactivation of glucokinase activity similarly inhibited glucose-induced insulin secre...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.10.1170
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test the general applicability of the hypothesis that diabetes mellitus causes increased polyol pathway activity, decreased tissue free myo-inositol, and resultant pathological changes in tissues susceptible to the ravages of diabetes, we measured glucose, sorbitol, and myo-inositol with quantitative histochemical ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.10.1305
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated large-volume blood withdrawals started at a young age previously appeared to correct lymphopenia and prevent diabetes in Ottawa diabetes-prone BB (BBdp) rats. Therefore, we sought an early effect 24 h after withdrawal of 25% of estimated blood volume and then reexamined the long-term effects in BBdp rats. The...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.9.1099
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because skeletal muscle plays a major role in glucose disposal, it may be the primary site of insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Rates of glycogen synthesis (GS), glucose utilization via glycolysis, glycolytic utilization (GU), and glucose transport (GT) were studied in epitrochlear...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.9.1106
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in human obesity have not been previously studied. To examine this, we used the glucose-clamp technique to measure whole-body and leg muscle glucose uptake in seven lean and six obese men during hyperinsulinemia (approximately 2000 pM) at four glucose levels (app...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.8.965
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Representative longitudinal muscle strips (6 x 10 mm) from distal small intestine were obtained from rats after 1, 2, and 3 mo of streptozocin-induced diabetes. The strips were stretched to their optimum lengths and subjected to electrical field stimulation (1-ms pulse duration, 30-270 mA, 10 Hz) in the presence of Kr...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.8.891
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies to an islet protein of 64,000 Mr (64K antibodies) were measured in 15 diabetic children who were followed prospectively for up to 3 yr after onset of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Of the 15 children, 12 were positive for 64K antibodies at diagnosis. Those patients who were negative for these antibodi...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.6.653
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of strict glycemic control on retinal volumetric blood flow rate (Q) was investigated in 13 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with laser Doppler velocimetry and monochromatic fundus photography. Strict glycemic control was achieved by glucose monitoring and four daily insulin injections. Q was determined ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.5.602
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of diabetes control on the activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and phenol 2-monooxygenase, the major enzymes regulating cholesterol metabolism, was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits, and the results obtained were correlated ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.5.626
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) response in plasma to oral and intravenous glucose administration and intravenous insulin injection in nondiabetic subjects. Moreover, we studied the effect of somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on glucose-induced IAPP secretion in nondiabetic subjects. Plasma IAPP concent...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.5.639
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional changes in slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles were assessed after 2 mo of streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. For soleus, there was a slowing of twitch times both for contraction and relaxation and a reduction of maximum tetanic relaxation rate. There was little effect o...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.4.460
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged near-physiological pulsatile insulin infusion has a greater hypoglycemic effect than continuous insulin infusion. We have previously shown that continuous hyperinsulinemia induces insulin insensitivity. This study examines the mechanisms responsible for the greater hypoglycemic effect of pulsatile insulin ad...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.4.501
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pancreatic alpha-like cell line has been established from a glucagonoma arising in transgenic mice expressing a hybrid gene consisting of the rat glucagon-promoter sequence fused to the sequence encoding the SV40 T-antigen oncoprotein. The alpha-tumor cell 1 (alpha TC1) line maintained many characteristics of differ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.4.406
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hyperglycemic patient remains persistently at risk for infectious complications. Whether ascribable to diabetes mellitus, to the administration of glucocorticoids, or to the infusion of hyperalimentation fluids, hyperglycemia may impair several mechanisms of humoral host defense, including such varied neutrophil f...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.39.3.271
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the impact of diabetes and its treatment on plasma free-fatty acid (FFA) and oxidative fuel metabolism during hypoglycemia, we combined indirect calorimetry with [3-3H]glucose during a 4-h low-dose insulin infusion (plasma insulin approximately 2-fold above basal) in six poorly controlled and nine well-cont...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.2.134
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are resistant to insulin. However, the contribution of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to insulin resistance remains controversial. The uncertainty may be at least in part due to errors introduced by the unknowing use in previou...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.2.217
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by defects in insulin action and secretion. This study was aimed at developing a rat model in which these pathogenic factors might be studied. Male Wistar rats were injected at 2 days of age with 45 or 30 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.39.2.226
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of brown products in long-lived proteins might be an important factor in determining long-term diabetic complications. Fluorescent chromophore 2-(2-furoyl)-4-(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI), isolated from hydrolyzed brown products synthesized in vitro, was proposed as a specific brown product responsib...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diacare.39.1.57
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The soluble plant fiber psyllium significantly reduced fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels in the C57BL/KsJ db/db diabetic mouse relative to placebo-fed mice. Insulin levels were significantly higher in psyllium-fed than placebo-fed animals, indicating this fiber may delay the progression of diabetes in the a...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1528
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The allelic forms of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ beta-chain (DQB1) have been recognized as the best markers of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) susceptibility. We describe a method that allows the recognition of these DQB1 alleles without the use of either allele-specific oligonucleotide probes or r...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1617
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose tolerance depends on a complex interaction among insulin secretion from the beta-cells, clearance of the hormone, and the actions of insulin to accelerate glucose disappearance and inhibit endogenous glucose production. An additional factor, less well recognized, is the ability of glucose per se, independent o...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of a robust insulin secretory response to glucose occurs during the early neonatal period. To determine if neuroendocrine agents play a role during this time, we studied the effects of selected peptides and neurotransmitters on insulin release and polyphosphoinositide metabolism in islets isolated from 1- ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.11.1337
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects in stable metabolic control for at least 3 mo received a controlled diet containing 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. Calorie intake varied from 1800 to 2200 calories, depending on individual needs. Part of the polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids (omega 6FA...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.11.1412
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoplasmic islet cell antibody-negative (ICA-; less than 20 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units, n = 1670) and ICA+ (n = 42) first-degree relatives of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic individuals were studied for competitive insulin autoantibodies (CIAAs) with a radioassay. Overall, 3.7% of first-degree relatives (...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diab.38.10.1320
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00